Why not call them yamnaya explorers? These "Indo-European" explorers were neither indian nor european. Not to mention the yamnaya language is neither an indian nor a european language.
> Starting around 2015, paleogenomic studies revealed a dramatic genetic turnover across Europe around 3000 BCE. In many regions, 70-100% of male lineages were replaced within just a few centuries. The Yamnaya and their descendants didn't just rule; they moved in enormous numbers. The debate isn't fully settled, and both mechanisms likely operated in different places and times, but the DNA evidence has shifted the balance decisively toward mass migration as the primary driver in Europe.
> In many regions, 70-100% of male lineages were replaced within just a few centuries. The Yamnaya and their descendants didn't just rule; they moved in enormous numbers.
If only the male lineages were replaced, it generally means that the yamnaya did not move in enormous numbers. Rather it means that male yamnayans and their male descendants ruled and use their privileged positions to outbreed the local males.
Mass migration would indicated a major shift in both the male and female lineages. Predominantly male lineage shift indicates rule. It's the difference between the US and mexico. In the US we had a complete genocide of the natives ( male and female lineages ) due to mass migration from europe. Mexico never experienced a mass migration from europe. Instead, the europeans took over the leadership of the aztecs/mexico and use their privileged position to outbreed the local males. It's why in mexico today most male lineages are european while almost all the female lineages are native. Whereas in the US, most of the male and female lineages are european while almost none of the male and female lineages are native.
> but the DNA evidence has shifted the balance decisively toward mass migration as the primary driver in Europe.
This is easy to verify. Do they follow the pattern of the US or Mexico? What are the female lineages in europe?
Why not call them yamnaya explorers? These "Indo-European" explorers were neither indian nor european. Not to mention the yamnaya language is neither an indian nor a european language.
Very well done! Seems to miss the now widely accepted southern arc theory https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/sites/reich.hms.harvard.edu/fi...
> Starting around 2015, paleogenomic studies revealed a dramatic genetic turnover across Europe around 3000 BCE. In many regions, 70-100% of male lineages were replaced within just a few centuries. The Yamnaya and their descendants didn't just rule; they moved in enormous numbers. The debate isn't fully settled, and both mechanisms likely operated in different places and times, but the DNA evidence has shifted the balance decisively toward mass migration as the primary driver in Europe.
They killed all the males and enslaved the women.
> They killed all the males and enslaved the women.
The first part of this is supported by an increasing number of archaeological finds. AFAIK the second part is not.
From what I know, there is no archaeological evidence for either but there is strong genetic evidence for both.
> In many regions, 70-100% of male lineages were replaced within just a few centuries. The Yamnaya and their descendants didn't just rule; they moved in enormous numbers.
If only the male lineages were replaced, it generally means that the yamnaya did not move in enormous numbers. Rather it means that male yamnayans and their male descendants ruled and use their privileged positions to outbreed the local males.
Mass migration would indicated a major shift in both the male and female lineages. Predominantly male lineage shift indicates rule. It's the difference between the US and mexico. In the US we had a complete genocide of the natives ( male and female lineages ) due to mass migration from europe. Mexico never experienced a mass migration from europe. Instead, the europeans took over the leadership of the aztecs/mexico and use their privileged position to outbreed the local males. It's why in mexico today most male lineages are european while almost all the female lineages are native. Whereas in the US, most of the male and female lineages are european while almost none of the male and female lineages are native.
> but the DNA evidence has shifted the balance decisively toward mass migration as the primary driver in Europe.
This is easy to verify. Do they follow the pattern of the US or Mexico? What are the female lineages in europe?