Am I hearing this right, that they made a decision model based on Typesafe's new paradigm, and actually made a model better than Jev based on Typesafe's own ranking?
I'm all for rebranding discriminative models as decision models, though.
"Discriminative" always had pointlessly bad optics, but I knew it was over when I started seeing prominent machine learning researchers who p=100% knew better describe discriminative models as generative because that was the buzzword of the year. "Decision model" sells the value proposition much better and doesn't sound like an anti-woke crusade.
It's not a "new paradigm", it's a low-hanging fruit that's been lying around for years; Typesafe were the first to bother to stop and pick it up, and market the shit out of it. But it was still a low-hanging fruit.
There are many, many of those left around, because AI frontier is moving forward so fast, everyone is racing ahead. Which is why I laugh when people say AI is not transformative and LLMs are a dead end (and my favorite, "what are we going to do with all those GPUs when the bubble pops?"). Even if SOTA LLMs hit a hard capability limit tomorrow and never advanced again, there's a good decade of growth and advancement to be extracted just from all the low-hanging fruits that were left unpicked along the way.
Diffusion transformers are not "easy" but underfunded.
Random one in terms of applications: getting GPT-4-level[0] LLMs to operate at hundreds of tokens per second on edge hardware - opens up so many possibilities I'm probably unable to imagine half of them.
E.g. Imagine spellcheck/predictive text (or code autocomplete) where the model is able to process a whole paragraph + surrounding application/system context in between keystrokes. Or an OS being able to reliably guess what you're doing in real-time, in between your UI interactions, and offer actually helpful contextual reactions.
Or imagine finally funding some decent studies into exploring the models as computational artifacts - studying their latent spaces, how they form and how they model reality internally.
Or imagine automated sliding doors that don't suck.
--
[0] - Or anything substantially better than BERT-level models used in Jev or that demo from the company doing inference ASICs, that has a chatbot online that does 14 kilotokens per second.
There are "low hanging fruits" - easier to achieve goals -, and there are super-fruits, milestone-fruits.
Among the most important ones:
-- the long-known Problem of Transparency, applied to the apparent emergent intelligence in NNs. Why does it happen - in detail?
-- then, a Theory of Apparent Intelligence through NNs. Transforming the results achieved into a Science. Which allows to do what we are doing - but in a lean and targeted way.
-- then, a General Theory of Intelligence, that includes the above to go beyond current architectures and get those features of Intelligence we expect and still not have.
The long-term direction we got into must lead to this.
(You note a ponderant detail of the above when you note the importance of explaining the emergence of a World Model from a Language Model.)
If anyone is interested, following Dr Michael Levin's Thoughtforms.life podcast is the cutting edge of where all this previously fuzzy stuff is becoming more concrete. So long as you can tolerate distinguished scientists flailing about as they discuss consciousness and life and developmental biology (and other less-obviously living things, like algorithms) as involving "free lunches" and "ingressing patterns from the platonic realm" :)
Diffusion models combined with these new looping techniques are gonna change the whole conversation about efficiency. Imagine control net but in one or more conceptual latent spaces.
But also harnesses and more generally new insights on "the control flow problem" could end up squeezing a ton of performance out of small models.
Definitely agree with edge computation, although inference extensively researched and funded if SOTA LLMs hit a dead end tomorrow,there is still a lot to explore and research in inference and edge computation
Enough stuff can happen, software use itself might change, and that could really cause anything. "What will we do with all the gpus" might become a question if for a magnitude of tech and reasons leaked-opus-9 runs on a macbook m6 or 7
If we throw in hardware dedicated to a specific LLM, it seems to be a rather low hanging fruit. Especially considering that this is already happening for vision models [1].
Maybe they meant in the sense of “untapped potential”, because so far a lot of the focus has been on increasing model capabilities, not necessarily performance/power budget.
Yes. Point is, it's untapped only because everyone is running in the race (even if out of curiosity), and there's just not enough people with means to tap into these side threads. For the past few years, there's been many interesting papers that circulated the industry, got recognized as worthwhile pursuits, and then dropped because running behind the Big Vendors had massively better ROI.
An important part of the industry is studying that: it is built-up effort. Sooner or later, the fruits will be harvested. The targeted preparation has been there for years now.
Yes. It's well within realm of possibility, but so far wasn't pursued because the Big Vendors went all-in into capability growth (rightfully testing "the bitter lesson" to its limits) and got themselves stuck in an arms race, while everyone else is barely keeping up and/or starstruck with fascination, exploring what these models can do.
This got everyone racing forward and right now there is not enough human attention left in the world to productionize this, or any of the other "side threads". When the race slows down, people will catch up, branch out, and loop back.
They will. That's the fallacy of the "S-curve" everyone likes to commit these days actually giving a positive outlook.
Assuming it won't get to full RSI, the current approach will burn out - most likely economically. The race slows down, people branch out, look back, start picking up the "untapped potential"/low-hanging fruits, and you have new S-curves launching in place of the one that just tapered off (hence a fallacy - a stack of S-curves adds up to continuing exponential growth).
In other words: it comes and goes. Hyperconcentrated capital will eventually deconcentrate.
I can imagine advancements on making smaller models work together better instead of a generalized core. Imagine a community or city having a https://pirateface.co/ so that the shard of the model that you need can be streamed in with minimal latency with your box only holding the minimal version (say deepseek v4 flash as orchestrator) of the model that you use on day to day basis.
We have overcome split brain problems before so this wont be our first
Closely connected to decision models: A good library to do ranking based on pairwise ranking on multiple attributes. By using a decision model (especially one that can make decisions on multiple fields at the same time) this becomes a lot faster and more powerful. Could make for a pretty nice search reranker as well as prioritizer for many problems.
Of course you can also do ranking one-off with a decision model, but this likely less stable, and by doing pairwise ranking you can also relatively quickly do incremental inserts to the list.
An example I like to use is: compare the quality and scope of games released with a brand-new console to the ones released for that console towards the end of its life, when everyone has learned how to take advantage of whatever weird, wacky hardware Sony invented for that console generation.
There is still a lot we don't know about how to get the most out of existing LLM components from a speed or cognitive-performance perspective. People could easily spend the next decade studying and refining what's been built so far, even if no new, original approaches ever arrive.
It's weird to think of these kinds of models as having "output tokens". Cross-encoder approaches like Laya add a [MASK] marker per option, but nothing is generated the way an autoregressive transformer generates. It's one bidirectional pass over your input, then a small head scores each option, so you wouldn't really pay for output as much as only input
Output for decisions have so few output items (not really tokens here) that they are negligible anyway. Jev hyping "free output" is almost lying by omission.
The weights have permissive licensing, but the data and training pipeline are not published to reproduce them from their proprietary Qwen starting points. Weights are not "source."
Came directly to comments hoping not to see this one.
<sad trombone sound>
Surely someone will soon do what the title of this post makes it seem like cloudfare did. Truly modular open source training and inference logic, along with a totally open corpus and weights, will eventually out-compete the closed ecosystem.
Clef is based on Qwen3.8-27B and Clef-flash is based on Qwen3.8-9B (edit: actually Qwen3.5-9B). So, similar in spirit to Kev by my understanding, but based on a newer model.
tbh saying all these dumb decision models are similar to Jev is like saying markov chains weren't far from GPT-2.
The value isn't really in the I/O shape, it is in the intelligence combined with the output shape. Every extra ounce of intelligence in these models unlocks additional use-cases. But the converse is also true: a dumb decision model is going to be less useful than using a more intelligent standard LLM.
That is the appeal of Jev: for certain usage it has more intelligence than some small SOTA LLMs. It is the first decision model that actually feels intelligent (to me).
I’ll go out on a limb and suggest that I don’t think a Jev-like model is particularly useful unless you can fine tune it. The Jev API has zero ability to pass in a prior [0], and, if you can neither pass in a prior nor fine tune for your system, you will get an output that may be almost meaningless.
I’d love to see someone build a model of this sort that can actually accept priors and do something intelligent with them.
[0] You can feed Jev a prior as text. I’ve tried it. It works poorly.
It seems like jev's major advantage over existing classifiers is that I dont have train it.
If I have to gather and tag data to fine-tune Jev, I can probably just train an "old school" classifier model and make it even cheaper, faster, and just as accurate.
(Why is it much easier to find AI-slop websites quoting this than it is to find the actual documentation?)
My inner Bayesian would like
for Jev to provide something resembling “evidence”, although I admit that one might ask Jev questions that are somewhat awkward to treat as typical Bayesian questions. If I ask “will this PR be merged”, it’s kind of strange to contemplate the probability of a PR conditioned in that PR being merged in the future. But I bet there is a way to formalize a prior-free classifier in a way that makes Bayesians and non-Bayesians happy, possibly involving actual learned probabilities and confidence levels. If you read the literature on scoring rules, you will find that classifier scores do somewhat naturally decompose into a few interpretable terms.
You’re coming on a bit strongly - a couple of comments with a link is sufficient. Before trying to sell, try to genuinely further the conversation, provide some useful knowledge in return for the reader’s attention.
It is possible with deterministic decision models, such as At0m, to gauge the probabilities at every decision. This behavior in addition to hard coded logic, it is possible to completely replicate a prompt's logic.
Using Fable 5.1, it is a matter of minutes.
I believe that most of the compliance check documents will be a solved problem, 3-6 months in future.
None of the LLMs can do it.
Hence I asked to the comment poster if he would want to demo, so that I can show it to him, how to do it step by step. By bad, if it came out too strongly.
Yes, it's easy. The thing people are missing (especially those believing AI is a "dead end" and "not transformative") is that the field has been advancing so fast in the past few years, that there's lots of such unexplored avenues, unpicked low-hanging fruits, that everyone just raced past. We've barely begun exploring the capabilities ML brought us - patterns, applications, and architectures.
Now that we're hitting against the hardware supply limits of global economy, I expect more people to go back and revisit the things left along the way in the mad rush to "just throw more compute at it / make a bigger model" - and thus many more cases like Jev to show up in the next few years.
The basics are pretty simple. And depending on what your specific need is, the model can be really really basic, fast and super effective (ie. run on a mobile device and process thousands of requests in <100ms)
I've been playing with this for the last year or so. Started with a personal email classifier, also did benchmarks with some public datasets, then created a couple classifiers that could play Doom, and now I've been trying out some other experiments, like a request proxy/router to automatically choose a classifier and fallback to LLM to handle unseen requests
Jev did a great job at creating hype, but also at shaping the concept and space of "decision engine" or "decision model". People were already doing this with LLMs, which is very inefficient for most tasks like that, and the Jev guys figured there was a market there. It seems like they were right, and now there's a rush to flood the space, taking advantage of the hype window
In general, training a general purpose classifier is something lots of people have worked on for a long time. Large Transformer models themselves are typically "generalists" already, so structured generation and constrained decoding have given you the ability to use an LLM as a general classifier for years. It's an incredibly common pattern for working with LLM judges or any sort of branched decision making workflow.
A lot of people who are a bit less familiar with the field saw the hype around Jev and presumed that the reason it was so exciting was that it was a fundamentally new interface for working with an LLM. And that additional excitement drove even more attention to Jev. But fundamentally, TypeSafe's announcement was that they found a particular architecture/training paradigm that resulted in a model for this particular interface that had incredible accuracy, very low latency, and for which they could offer inference at a super low cost.
I've not kept up with the flood of Jev clones that have been released, but I think this is just typical for any new component in deep learning that gets popular. There are an absurd number of open source autoregressive LLMs and fine tunes you can use. The thing that makes one more popular than the other is typically the general performance of the individual model.
But training a model for this purpose, or emulating the procedures described in Jev's papers, isn't something that would be beyond the capabilities of any lab. It's not an entirely alien architecture or approach.
The bigger question for TypeSafe as a company would be if other teams are producing Jev-like models that win on performance or cost. Like I said, I haven't followed the reports super closely, so no idea if that's the case or not.
> The bigger question for TypeSafe as a company would be if other teams are producing Jev-like models that win on performance or cost. Like I said, I haven't followed the reports super closely, so no idea if that's the case or not.
If CF's benchmark is representative and sufficient, Clef outperforms Jev!
Models by themselves don't guarantee market capture. Rather, its how they integrate. I think a lot of folks are burned by the closed nature of many models.
Yes it's easy for an established shop, all they need to do is to tweak the post-training workflow. "Decision model" is the same kind of marketing as "LRM" attempted by OpenAI when RL CoT was new (to hyped up crowd). It's still fundamentally a classifier used for "decision making", games and RP were using generalist models and constrained outputs to do what the DOOM demo does for years.
The interesting part is also the easy part. The model and architecture are not hard for an experienced machine learning engineer to build.
The hard part is the data and evaluation. Sure, it’s not that hard to build a fast model with good predictive power. But fast at doing what? You probably don’t care about classifying whether a hotdog is a sandwich (which is the Jev demo).
What even are these new "decision models?" Take an existing LLM, feed it a prompt, force it to pick a choice; decode is 1 token (or rather, the whole logit set for only that last token; token implies selecting one logit) so you made a choice. That's it?
Yes but optimized specifically for the purpose. Using that for "decision making" is also not a new use case, but turned out to be new to many people. Which is great, I hope they make something cool with it!
> This means that a human does not necessarily need to be in the loop for agentic decisions anymore — agents can programmatically gather context, make decisions, and take actions on tasks, or defer to a human when needed.
1. Humans are already not in the loop for lots of LLM agent actions. Isn't that just a function of how much you trust it and not some completely new paradigm? Am I missing something?
2. How can it gather context if it just outputs a single decision?
One guess: Maybe it's decision can be "gather more context and re-run me"? But an LLM can be much more expressive about what context it needs.
I found the paragraph about how much networking data they have weird. I mean, if you already have all that data why didn't you train your models already using that? Why did you need clef to begin with?
With all these new Jev-like models popping up, has anyone actually started building anything with them yet? It's odd how quickly they've multiplied despite being relatively niche in their use cases, as far as I can tell. I suppose they're simple and cheap enough to make that it's a sort of 'why not' thing for a lot of these companies.
Is there a Jev-like model I can run on my Mac? Something like Ollama? Or what's the best way to play with it? Is there a cheap/free API service eg on OpenRouter?
in a quick mini-bench here n=250 of clef vs jev, clef came out 5.2x more expensive, a lot slower (p50 of 350ms vs 1.9s) with only marginally better results (78.6% vs 79.8%)
I wonder if a good usecase for this would be cloudflare's WAF rules. Give broader request context to the decider and let it pick type of challenge/block traffic directly.
Can someone explain how so many folks managed to build decision models within days or weeks after Typesafe came out with Jev? Is this concept of decision models been in the works for a while? Is it easy to copy?
Smaller models have been able to do these sorts of tasks, but a little slower, for a while now. Give a small Qwen 3.8 model a classification task and force a structured output, and it'll do a good job. I've used Qwen 0.8b for basic image classification in <500ms on my local machine for a while now.
There are a few technical details that can reduce the latency significantly (covered in the post) but the real insight has been from watching the reaction to Jev and seeing that there's enough of a market interest to offer it as a distinct thing. The underlying concept/approach was already there.
Not just structured output. Dropping down to logprobs, prompting the model to emit one word as the answer, and then ranking the output tokens to pick your answer works great on small Qwen & Gemma models.
The fascinating part to me is that Jev seems like this technique plus post-training to get multiple independent confidence values for each possible answer.
Transformers output a set of probabilities over outputs. For ChatGPT etc, those are predictions of what the next token will be. But it can also be a structured list of options or classes. Jev mostly innovated on the interface, API, and product concept around this, and made it click for a large number of people. Unfortunately for Jev, it's very easy to copy an API, and any pretrained LLM can be adapted to work in this way.
I think Jev also innovated on data & algorithms, but it remains to be seen if it's enough to be meaningfully better than traditional LLMs + a few tweaks.
Jev created accessible/programmatic ergonomics around a general purpose classifiers, and did it very well; ie intuitive api and structured data approach.
Anyone can copy that and apply to an array of models - stripped down LLMs or already slim/highly performant traditional classification architectures (just wrap inference with an api that inputs/outputs the same structured data).
Jev, I think, would say their advantage is the intelligence of their models and training data including calibration: https://medium.com/code-applied/calibrated-classifiers-makin... (which i still struggle with in the general application... there's no free lunch with these things).
Most answers explain the LLM-based approach to these models, which is also what Typesafe did with Jev. However, depending on what you need, there are far simpler classification models, and for a lot of use cases, these models can be way faster and more accurate than Jev
But, for these adhoc models, you need to understand the task more, collect some data and train the model (on CPU, no need for GPU). So Jev-like models are a great way of getting a hosted general decision model, but if you have a very narrow task or set of tasks, you might be better off with some more basic models that you can run on the same server you run other things or even on your laptop
You can use already trained large transformer models to make one, so it doesn't require the kind of high-scale compute, high quality data, data cleanup, reinforcement, and so on training that say an LLM does.
What's new is "smart" decision models than you can supposedly use on anything without additional training.
If you have a very narrow use case you can train a BERT based decision model on a laptop an hour if you have good data to train it on. It'll answer faster than the roundtrip to clef/jev and use <1gb memory
You just have to fine tune an LLM like Qwen on some synthetic data to do so. There was even someone that had a model that was exactly like Typesafe and published their work a year before Jev (but wasn't marketed as heavily since it was academic).
It's not a new concept, it just took someone adding on to the approach and refining it. I never deep dove it, but I assume JEV is sort of like how Sora works? They had a blog post about how it has a sort of tiny LLM, which OpenAI's small LLMs are insanely good and well defined. I think any lab tackling this with a from-scratch model could yield affordable alternatives that are highly competitive.
It seems insanely obvious at least to me, that JEV is the new hot thing for the AI field since they give you stronger output that isn't... flat out wrong, that alone is impressive.
They are not too difficult to train if you already have infra to train regular LLMs. You can typically replace a few layers train them alone and you're off to the races.
Getting training data that works well for calibrated classification objectives is difficult.
I hear conflicting opinions (including my own) about how well calibrated each of these are. Jev seems to be the best.
But the jev release made obvious the PMF for these models, and the underlying reality is that calibration really doesn't matter much when you're replacing usecases where people were using damn LM head softmax probabilities before, which are nowhere near calibrated.
So now everyone simply finetunes qwen and makes a compared-to-regular-LLM vastly cheaper decision model. And it works for majority of usecases. People mostly only care about accuracy, not confidence.
That's probably driven by their own internal need to show the model images of emails and webpages to detect phishing, despite obfuscation of the underlying HTML.
Yeah, these AI companies have some weird paradox that if they actually had a model that was super efficient and could arbitrage cost/intelligence of other inferior models, they would keep everything about it secret. If an intelligence research group had something groundbreaking, they would just dump their own money into the magic money machine.
Instead, to make up for the lack of economic viability of their models, they are forced to release publicly to get marketing to get others to pay based on hype.
Wow, Cloudflare is definitely buying some goodwill from me. Just consistently interesting new releases alongside and solid products at great prices.
Seems nearly too good to be true.
Am I hearing this right, that they made a decision model based on Typesafe's new paradigm, and actually made a model better than Jev based on Typesafe's own ranking?
And it's only been a few weeks.
They have to have decision models already in production. Part of their business is detecting bots, DDoSers and spammers.
Yeah that's a decision tree, random Forest or some other machine learning classifier. They have existed for a long time
I'm all for rebranding discriminative models as decision models, though.
"Discriminative" always had pointlessly bad optics, but I knew it was over when I started seeing prominent machine learning researchers who p=100% knew better describe discriminative models as generative because that was the buzzword of the year. "Decision model" sells the value proposition much better and doesn't sound like an anti-woke crusade.
It's not a "new paradigm", it's a low-hanging fruit that's been lying around for years; Typesafe were the first to bother to stop and pick it up, and market the shit out of it. But it was still a low-hanging fruit.
There are many, many of those left around, because AI frontier is moving forward so fast, everyone is racing ahead. Which is why I laugh when people say AI is not transformative and LLMs are a dead end (and my favorite, "what are we going to do with all those GPUs when the bubble pops?"). Even if SOTA LLMs hit a hard capability limit tomorrow and never advanced again, there's a good decade of growth and advancement to be extracted just from all the low-hanging fruits that were left unpicked along the way.
Name a few of these low hanging fruit left around.
Jev is one.
Diffusion transformers are not "easy" but underfunded.
Random one in terms of applications: getting GPT-4-level[0] LLMs to operate at hundreds of tokens per second on edge hardware - opens up so many possibilities I'm probably unable to imagine half of them.
E.g. Imagine spellcheck/predictive text (or code autocomplete) where the model is able to process a whole paragraph + surrounding application/system context in between keystrokes. Or an OS being able to reliably guess what you're doing in real-time, in between your UI interactions, and offer actually helpful contextual reactions.
Or imagine finally funding some decent studies into exploring the models as computational artifacts - studying their latent spaces, how they form and how they model reality internally.
Or imagine automated sliding doors that don't suck.
--
[0] - Or anything substantially better than BERT-level models used in Jev or that demo from the company doing inference ASICs, that has a chatbot online that does 14 kilotokens per second.
There are "low hanging fruits" - easier to achieve goals -, and there are super-fruits, milestone-fruits.
Among the most important ones:
-- the long-known Problem of Transparency, applied to the apparent emergent intelligence in NNs. Why does it happen - in detail?
-- then, a Theory of Apparent Intelligence through NNs. Transforming the results achieved into a Science. Which allows to do what we are doing - but in a lean and targeted way.
-- then, a General Theory of Intelligence, that includes the above to go beyond current architectures and get those features of Intelligence we expect and still not have.
The long-term direction we got into must lead to this.
(You note a ponderant detail of the above when you note the importance of explaining the emergence of a World Model from a Language Model.)
If anyone is interested, following Dr Michael Levin's Thoughtforms.life podcast is the cutting edge of where all this previously fuzzy stuff is becoming more concrete. So long as you can tolerate distinguished scientists flailing about as they discuss consciousness and life and developmental biology (and other less-obviously living things, like algorithms) as involving "free lunches" and "ingressing patterns from the platonic realm" :)
Those are the absolutely fascinating parts, and I sincerely hope AI won't get out of control before we're able to tackle some of these.
Diffusion models combined with these new looping techniques are gonna change the whole conversation about efficiency. Imagine control net but in one or more conceptual latent spaces.
But also harnesses and more generally new insights on "the control flow problem" could end up squeezing a ton of performance out of small models.
I commend you for actually answering, independent of what I think of the answers.
not a very good answer though
Definitely agree with edge computation, although inference extensively researched and funded if SOTA LLMs hit a dead end tomorrow,there is still a lot to explore and research in inference and edge computation
yeah your reply, nobody can predict the future.
Enough stuff can happen, software use itself might change, and that could really cause anything. "What will we do with all the gpus" might become a question if for a magnitude of tech and reasons leaked-opus-9 runs on a macbook m6 or 7
>Random one in terms of applications: getting GPT-4-level[0] LLMs to operate at hundreds of tokens per second on edge hardware
That's low hanging for you?
If we throw in hardware dedicated to a specific LLM, it seems to be a rather low hanging fruit. Especially considering that this is already happening for vision models [1].
[1]: "FPGA-based CNN Acceleration using Pattern-Aware Pruning" https://inria.hal.science/hal-04689673/document
> hardware dedicated to a specific LLM
That wording screams "Taalas". Which, importantly, is not the only player trying to abate the distance between data and arithmetics...
Maybe they meant in the sense of “untapped potential”, because so far a lot of the focus has been on increasing model capabilities, not necessarily performance/power budget.
Yes. Point is, it's untapped only because everyone is running in the race (even if out of curiosity), and there's just not enough people with means to tap into these side threads. For the past few years, there's been many interesting papers that circulated the industry, got recognized as worthwhile pursuits, and then dropped because running behind the Big Vendors had massively better ROI.
> That's low hanging for you
An important part of the industry is studying that: it is built-up effort. Sooner or later, the fruits will be harvested. The targeted preparation has been there for years now.
It's likely quite close. There are so many papers proving concepts that would bring this, they just haven't been combined in production.
Yes. It's well within realm of possibility, but so far wasn't pursued because the Big Vendors went all-in into capability growth (rightfully testing "the bitter lesson" to its limits) and got themselves stuck in an arms race, while everyone else is barely keeping up and/or starstruck with fascination, exploring what these models can do.
This got everyone racing forward and right now there is not enough human attention left in the world to productionize this, or any of the other "side threads". When the race slows down, people will catch up, branch out, and loop back.
Just like renewable energy and so many other things. Hyperconcentration of capital is really tragic. I hope things turn around.
They will. That's the fallacy of the "S-curve" everyone likes to commit these days actually giving a positive outlook.
Assuming it won't get to full RSI, the current approach will burn out - most likely economically. The race slows down, people branch out, look back, start picking up the "untapped potential"/low-hanging fruits, and you have new S-curves launching in place of the one that just tapered off (hence a fallacy - a stack of S-curves adds up to continuing exponential growth).
In other words: it comes and goes. Hyperconcentrated capital will eventually deconcentrate.
That's a high hanging fruit, not low.
I can imagine advancements on making smaller models work together better instead of a generalized core. Imagine a community or city having a https://pirateface.co/ so that the shard of the model that you need can be streamed in with minimal latency with your box only holding the minimal version (say deepseek v4 flash as orchestrator) of the model that you use on day to day basis.
We have overcome split brain problems before so this wont be our first
You're putting a lot of trust in uncorrupted, untrusted, unknown models (potentially).
Closely connected to decision models: A good library to do ranking based on pairwise ranking on multiple attributes. By using a decision model (especially one that can make decisions on multiple fields at the same time) this becomes a lot faster and more powerful. Could make for a pretty nice search reranker as well as prioritizer for many problems.
Of course you can also do ranking one-off with a decision model, but this likely less stable, and by doing pairwise ranking you can also relatively quickly do incremental inserts to the list.
Easy to reach doesn’t automatically mean “easy to see”.
An example I like to use is: compare the quality and scope of games released with a brand-new console to the ones released for that console towards the end of its life, when everyone has learned how to take advantage of whatever weird, wacky hardware Sony invented for that console generation.
There is still a lot we don't know about how to get the most out of existing LLM components from a speed or cognitive-performance perspective. People could easily spend the next decade studying and refining what's been built so far, even if no new, original approaches ever arrive.
Jev = $0.042/m input, output free Clef = $0.24/m input, no output price listed
At 300 tokens per call, you'd get:
One million decisions on Jev cost about $12.60. One million decisions on Clef cost about $72.
Would probably make sense to self-host Clef, if you have the capability/resources. If not...
> no output price listed
It's weird to think of these kinds of models as having "output tokens". Cross-encoder approaches like Laya add a [MASK] marker per option, but nothing is generated the way an autoregressive transformer generates. It's one bidirectional pass over your input, then a small head scores each option, so you wouldn't really pay for output as much as only input
Output for decisions have so few output items (not really tokens here) that they are negligible anyway. Jev hyping "free output" is almost lying by omission.
Open weights, not open source.
The weights have permissive licensing, but the data and training pipeline are not published to reproduce them from their proprietary Qwen starting points. Weights are not "source."
Came directly to comments hoping not to see this one.
<sad trombone sound>
Surely someone will soon do what the title of this post makes it seem like cloudfare did. Truly modular open source training and inference logic, along with a totally open corpus and weights, will eventually out-compete the closed ecosystem.
There are some groups doing it for LLMs - like the Allen Institute for AI's Olmo models and Eluether AI's Pythia.
Pricing is $0.24/million input tokens which is ~6x compared to Jev. Clef-flash is at $0.09 which is way more competitive.
Yeah I also thought it was strange their pareto frontier didn't include cost.
Clef is based on Qwen3.8-27B and Clef-flash is based on Qwen3.8-9B (edit: actually Qwen3.5-9B). So, similar in spirit to Kev by my understanding, but based on a newer model.
> and Clef-flash is based on Qwen3.8-9B
There is no official qwen 3.8 9b
From the model card:
> Clef-Flash is post-trained from Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B. See Clef for the larger variant.
Thanks, I missed that. Fixed my comment.
It's based on Qwen3.5-9B, maybe a typo
Atom is 60M Param (around 133x to 400x smaller).
16ms latency. And locally run.
https://at0m.pienomial.com/
Why go big when you can go small ?
Cause it's not open?
Good point.
To counter, most of the AI is not open. So is none of Microsoft Products. As long as they work, we keep using them.
For smaller scale decision model that runs on CPU, check https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49923223
tbh saying all these dumb decision models are similar to Jev is like saying markov chains weren't far from GPT-2.
The value isn't really in the I/O shape, it is in the intelligence combined with the output shape. Every extra ounce of intelligence in these models unlocks additional use-cases. But the converse is also true: a dumb decision model is going to be less useful than using a more intelligent standard LLM.
That is the appeal of Jev: for certain usage it has more intelligence than some small SOTA LLMs. It is the first decision model that actually feels intelligent (to me).
I’ll go out on a limb and suggest that I don’t think a Jev-like model is particularly useful unless you can fine tune it. The Jev API has zero ability to pass in a prior [0], and, if you can neither pass in a prior nor fine tune for your system, you will get an output that may be almost meaningless.
I’d love to see someone build a model of this sort that can actually accept priors and do something intelligent with them.
[0] You can feed Jev a prior as text. I’ve tried it. It works poorly.
It seems like jev's major advantage over existing classifiers is that I dont have train it.
If I have to gather and tag data to fine-tune Jev, I can probably just train an "old school" classifier model and make it even cheaper, faster, and just as accurate.
Also one of the more interesting features of Jev is the confidence rating that hardly any Jev-cc talks about.
It seems interesting to me only in the sense of being useless. From the horse’s mouth:
> Confidence is derived from the probabilities
https://docs.typesafe.ai/confidence
(Why is it much easier to find AI-slop websites quoting this than it is to find the actual documentation?)
My inner Bayesian would like for Jev to provide something resembling “evidence”, although I admit that one might ask Jev questions that are somewhat awkward to treat as typical Bayesian questions. If I ask “will this PR be merged”, it’s kind of strange to contemplate the probability of a PR conditioned in that PR being merged in the future. But I bet there is a way to formalize a prior-free classifier in a way that makes Bayesians and non-Bayesians happy, possibly involving actual learned probabilities and confidence levels. If you read the literature on scoring rules, you will find that classifier scores do somewhat naturally decompose into a few interpretable terms.
I think better than priors would be a closed loop where you tell it what the right answer was (or some signal) and they monitor and fine-tune for you
We were able to completely automate 20,100 token prompts with At0m[https://at0m.pienomial.com/].
We believe entire compliance workflows (even multilingual) could be automated.
Would you like to get a demo ?
You’re coming on a bit strongly - a couple of comments with a link is sufficient. Before trying to sell, try to genuinely further the conversation, provide some useful knowledge in return for the reader’s attention.
Point taken. Let me explain if you allow me.
It is possible with deterministic decision models, such as At0m, to gauge the probabilities at every decision. This behavior in addition to hard coded logic, it is possible to completely replicate a prompt's logic.
Using Fable 5.1, it is a matter of minutes.
I believe that most of the compliance check documents will be a solved problem, 3-6 months in future.
None of the LLMs can do it.
Hence I asked to the comment poster if he would want to demo, so that I can show it to him, how to do it step by step. By bad, if it came out too strongly.
This is awesome.
I bet the competition will result in research into how to make these decision models several more orders of magnitude faster and cheaper.
Here's a challenge problem - look at a 1M context window and produce N decisions (different queries) from it in 50-100ms.
A question someone not trainined in AI/ML field, Is a decision model that easy to crete that there are floods of these JEV alternatives already?
Or are companies/people already building this based on say an arXiv docs? n
---
The pricing is ... hm more expensive but not at the point I won't give it a try due to the embeded vision encoding
Yes, it's easy. The thing people are missing (especially those believing AI is a "dead end" and "not transformative") is that the field has been advancing so fast in the past few years, that there's lots of such unexplored avenues, unpicked low-hanging fruits, that everyone just raced past. We've barely begun exploring the capabilities ML brought us - patterns, applications, and architectures.
Now that we're hitting against the hardware supply limits of global economy, I expect more people to go back and revisit the things left along the way in the mad rush to "just throw more compute at it / make a bigger model" - and thus many more cases like Jev to show up in the next few years.
The basics are pretty simple. And depending on what your specific need is, the model can be really really basic, fast and super effective (ie. run on a mobile device and process thousands of requests in <100ms)
I've been playing with this for the last year or so. Started with a personal email classifier, also did benchmarks with some public datasets, then created a couple classifiers that could play Doom, and now I've been trying out some other experiments, like a request proxy/router to automatically choose a classifier and fallback to LLM to handle unseen requests
Jev did a great job at creating hype, but also at shaping the concept and space of "decision engine" or "decision model". People were already doing this with LLMs, which is very inefficient for most tasks like that, and the Jev guys figured there was a market there. It seems like they were right, and now there's a rush to flood the space, taking advantage of the hype window
There is a bunch of stuff to tease apart.
In general, training a general purpose classifier is something lots of people have worked on for a long time. Large Transformer models themselves are typically "generalists" already, so structured generation and constrained decoding have given you the ability to use an LLM as a general classifier for years. It's an incredibly common pattern for working with LLM judges or any sort of branched decision making workflow.
A lot of people who are a bit less familiar with the field saw the hype around Jev and presumed that the reason it was so exciting was that it was a fundamentally new interface for working with an LLM. And that additional excitement drove even more attention to Jev. But fundamentally, TypeSafe's announcement was that they found a particular architecture/training paradigm that resulted in a model for this particular interface that had incredible accuracy, very low latency, and for which they could offer inference at a super low cost.
I've not kept up with the flood of Jev clones that have been released, but I think this is just typical for any new component in deep learning that gets popular. There are an absurd number of open source autoregressive LLMs and fine tunes you can use. The thing that makes one more popular than the other is typically the general performance of the individual model.
But training a model for this purpose, or emulating the procedures described in Jev's papers, isn't something that would be beyond the capabilities of any lab. It's not an entirely alien architecture or approach.
The bigger question for TypeSafe as a company would be if other teams are producing Jev-like models that win on performance or cost. Like I said, I haven't followed the reports super closely, so no idea if that's the case or not.
> The bigger question for TypeSafe as a company would be if other teams are producing Jev-like models that win on performance or cost. Like I said, I haven't followed the reports super closely, so no idea if that's the case or not.
If CF's benchmark is representative and sufficient, Clef outperforms Jev!
Models by themselves don't guarantee market capture. Rather, its how they integrate. I think a lot of folks are burned by the closed nature of many models.
Live coding Jev from Scratch | Understanding Qwen architecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzxoU7kxjig
Yes it's easy for an established shop, all they need to do is to tweak the post-training workflow. "Decision model" is the same kind of marketing as "LRM" attempted by OpenAI when RL CoT was new (to hyped up crowd). It's still fundamentally a classifier used for "decision making", games and RP were using generalist models and constrained outputs to do what the DOOM demo does for years.
The interesting part is also the easy part. The model and architecture are not hard for an experienced machine learning engineer to build.
The hard part is the data and evaluation. Sure, it’s not that hard to build a fast model with good predictive power. But fast at doing what? You probably don’t care about classifying whether a hotdog is a sandwich (which is the Jev demo).
You can make a basic one in minutes based on existing open-source models.
Latency won't be that good, but could still work similarly. Simply force the structured output of a LLM to the given schema.
Probably also easy to train because we can use stronget LLMs to generate input/output data, or even synthetic data is easy to generate.
It's not really a new technology, it's more like a new use-case.
What even are these new "decision models?" Take an existing LLM, feed it a prompt, force it to pick a choice; decode is 1 token (or rather, the whole logit set for only that last token; token implies selecting one logit) so you made a choice. That's it?
Yes, although you probably want to calibrate your model if you want the probabilities to actually be meaningful.
Yes but optimized specifically for the purpose. Using that for "decision making" is also not a new use case, but turned out to be new to many people. Which is great, I hope they make something cool with it!
That's how Cygnet handles it.
https://github.com/blockbrain-ai/cygnet-recipe
Yes it's very easy if you have fairly basic ML knowledge.
> This means that a human does not necessarily need to be in the loop for agentic decisions anymore — agents can programmatically gather context, make decisions, and take actions on tasks, or defer to a human when needed.
1. Humans are already not in the loop for lots of LLM agent actions. Isn't that just a function of how much you trust it and not some completely new paradigm? Am I missing something?
2. How can it gather context if it just outputs a single decision?
One guess: Maybe it's decision can be "gather more context and re-run me"? But an LLM can be much more expressive about what context it needs.
2 years in stealth...
I found the paragraph about how much networking data they have weird. I mean, if you already have all that data why didn't you train your models already using that? Why did you need clef to begin with?
With all these new Jev-like models popping up, has anyone actually started building anything with them yet? It's odd how quickly they've multiplied despite being relatively niche in their use cases, as far as I can tell. I suppose they're simple and cheap enough to make that it's a sort of 'why not' thing for a lot of these companies.
Is there a Jev-like model I can run on my Mac? Something like Ollama? Or what's the best way to play with it? Is there a cheap/free API service eg on OpenRouter?
https://github.com/NandhaKishorM/laya
Thanks for the tip! Set it up locally and it works!
We got you.
At0M: A 60M local Jev at 16 ms latency and 79% accuracy on Typed Decision
https://at0m.pienomial.com/ https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49920350
Jumping on this, what about on-device?
I'd love an privacy first on-device model i could use in iOS.
We got you. How would you use it though ? Through Apps ? Would love to discuss.
At0M: A 60M local Jev at 16 ms latency and 79% accuracy on Typed Decision
https://at0m.pienomial.com/ https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49920350
Why give cloudflare your data ?
At0M: A 60M local Jev at 16 ms latency and 79% accuracy on Typed Decision
https://at0m.pienomial.com/ https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49920350
This account was created only a couple weeks ago and seems to be spamming this closed model, seems it might be a bot?
Actually it was created around 12 years ago. We just launched the model around 3 days ago.
Apologies if it is too much of a bother.
Well, for one, that one's not released as far as I can tell.
It's open for benchmarking. V1 release next week.
Businesses are built on outliers. It doesn't make sense throwing your hard earned insights while paying them money to steal it.
Also, cloudflare https://robindev.substack.com/p/cloudflare-took-down-our-web...
It hasn't been released yet, and local versions aren't always convenient
The same engine is is available as an evaluation API.
curl -s -X POST https://at0m.pienomial.com/decide/v0 \ -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \ -d '{ "state": "Charged twice for the same card payment this morning.", "questions": { "queue": {"type":"choice", "instructions":"Which team should handle this?", "criteria": {"billing":"invoices, charges, refunds", "technical":"outages, bugs, deploys", "fraud":"unauthorised or suspicious activity"}}, "urgent": {"type":"noul", "instructions":"Needs action today."}}, "email_id": "you@example.com"}'
If it fits your use case, you are welcome to use it.
When it is a rust standalone rust executable, as it is powering the API, it becomes just plug and play. No dependencies needed.
If it's 60M local, is it open source as well?
It is a single rust executable, with model embedded inside of it. Current evaluation API is being run by the same.
We wanted to stress test the system before the V1 release.
What’s the context window?
32K
Related: an intelligence cache for decision model data: https://cachev.dev
I built this for my own needs, and thought others might find it useful too.
Oldy enough I tired this 2h ago as I was testing jev on cf and was like oh this should be a better replacement but it takes 3s which is useless to me
in a quick mini-bench here n=250 of clef vs jev, clef came out 5.2x more expensive, a lot slower (p50 of 350ms vs 1.9s) with only marginally better results (78.6% vs 79.8%)
I wonder if a good usecase for this would be cloudflare's WAF rules. Give broader request context to the decider and let it pick type of challenge/block traffic directly.
Perhaps that may be too costly atm
it's great to see Cloudflare releasing consumer edge level models.
Can someone explain how so many folks managed to build decision models within days or weeks after Typesafe came out with Jev? Is this concept of decision models been in the works for a while? Is it easy to copy?
Smaller models have been able to do these sorts of tasks, but a little slower, for a while now. Give a small Qwen 3.8 model a classification task and force a structured output, and it'll do a good job. I've used Qwen 0.8b for basic image classification in <500ms on my local machine for a while now.
There are a few technical details that can reduce the latency significantly (covered in the post) but the real insight has been from watching the reaction to Jev and seeing that there's enough of a market interest to offer it as a distinct thing. The underlying concept/approach was already there.
Not just structured output. Dropping down to logprobs, prompting the model to emit one word as the answer, and then ranking the output tokens to pick your answer works great on small Qwen & Gemma models.
The fascinating part to me is that Jev seems like this technique plus post-training to get multiple independent confidence values for each possible answer.
Transformers output a set of probabilities over outputs. For ChatGPT etc, those are predictions of what the next token will be. But it can also be a structured list of options or classes. Jev mostly innovated on the interface, API, and product concept around this, and made it click for a large number of people. Unfortunately for Jev, it's very easy to copy an API, and any pretrained LLM can be adapted to work in this way.
I think Jev also innovated on data & algorithms, but it remains to be seen if it's enough to be meaningfully better than traditional LLMs + a few tweaks.
Jev created accessible/programmatic ergonomics around a general purpose classifiers, and did it very well; ie intuitive api and structured data approach.
Anyone can copy that and apply to an array of models - stripped down LLMs or already slim/highly performant traditional classification architectures (just wrap inference with an api that inputs/outputs the same structured data).
Jev, I think, would say their advantage is the intelligence of their models and training data including calibration: https://medium.com/code-applied/calibrated-classifiers-makin... (which i still struggle with in the general application... there's no free lunch with these things).
Most answers explain the LLM-based approach to these models, which is also what Typesafe did with Jev. However, depending on what you need, there are far simpler classification models, and for a lot of use cases, these models can be way faster and more accurate than Jev
But, for these adhoc models, you need to understand the task more, collect some data and train the model (on CPU, no need for GPU). So Jev-like models are a great way of getting a hosted general decision model, but if you have a very narrow task or set of tasks, you might be better off with some more basic models that you can run on the same server you run other things or even on your laptop
You can use already trained large transformer models to make one, so it doesn't require the kind of high-scale compute, high quality data, data cleanup, reinforcement, and so on training that say an LLM does.
What's new is "smart" decision models than you can supposedly use on anything without additional training.
If you have a very narrow use case you can train a BERT based decision model on a laptop an hour if you have good data to train it on. It'll answer faster than the roundtrip to clef/jev and use <1gb memory
If you have a very intelligent swiss army knife like hammer, that hammer will adapt to almost any nail, which is a good thing.
You just have to fine tune an LLM like Qwen on some synthetic data to do so. There was even someone that had a model that was exactly like Typesafe and published their work a year before Jev (but wasn't marketed as heavily since it was academic).
The question of AI in automation is "can it make decisions in a consistent and predictable manner, with near 100% determinism?"
Many people seem to have run into the same question and started working out the answer.
Read this - https://magazine.sebastianraschka.com/p/classifier-history-a...
The concept existed a year before Jev or so. See Laya
Laya came after Jev, the original post is clear about this much [0].
Moreover the specific prior art claim is absurd (self-plug) [1]. GLiClass[2] is at least a coherent precedent.
[0]: https://laya.convaiinnovations.com/
[1]: https://xtxinversexty.com/layas-prior-art-claim-is-absurd/
[2]: https://github.com/knowledgator/gliclass
It's not a new concept, it just took someone adding on to the approach and refining it. I never deep dove it, but I assume JEV is sort of like how Sora works? They had a blog post about how it has a sort of tiny LLM, which OpenAI's small LLMs are insanely good and well defined. I think any lab tackling this with a from-scratch model could yield affordable alternatives that are highly competitive.
It seems insanely obvious at least to me, that JEV is the new hot thing for the AI field since they give you stronger output that isn't... flat out wrong, that alone is impressive.
They are not too difficult to train if you already have infra to train regular LLMs. You can typically replace a few layers train them alone and you're off to the races.
Getting training data that works well for calibrated classification objectives is difficult.
I hear conflicting opinions (including my own) about how well calibrated each of these are. Jev seems to be the best.
But the jev release made obvious the PMF for these models, and the underlying reality is that calibration really doesn't matter much when you're replacing usecases where people were using damn LM head softmax probabilities before, which are nowhere near calibrated.
So now everyone simply finetunes qwen and makes a compared-to-regular-LLM vastly cheaper decision model. And it works for majority of usecases. People mostly only care about accuracy, not confidence.
Competition in this area is great and kudos for releasing something that we can try out today.
that's good. I believe decision focused models will explode in the next few months
AMAZING, thanks, Cloudflare!
It allows image input. Nice!
That's probably driven by their own internal need to show the model images of emails and webpages to detect phishing, despite obfuscation of the underlying HTML.
jev can ask jev if they should return investor money and shut down jev
Would love to see benchmarks on visual tasks.
brb while I build my entire cloud stack on Cloudflare
Just tested clef-flash vs jev:
- Jev/TypeSafe: 230 ms median, 254 ms mean
- Jev/OpenRouter: 237 ms median, 267 ms mean
- Clef Flash: 661 ms median, 806 ms mean
What gives?
Imagine making your whole company on one model and then being cucked by everyone within a week. I don't think I've ever seen anything like it.
Yeah, these AI companies have some weird paradox that if they actually had a model that was super efficient and could arbitrage cost/intelligence of other inferior models, they would keep everything about it secret. If an intelligence research group had something groundbreaking, they would just dump their own money into the magic money machine.
Instead, to make up for the lack of economic viability of their models, they are forced to release publicly to get marketing to get others to pay based on hype.
If they were actually useful they'd just make money doing the useful thing and wouldn't even talk about models or AI.
If everyone else can spin up their own version of your product in under a month, there probably wasn't much product there.
No mention of calibration. Is it just another llm finetune?
> Our post-training utilizes label-smoothed cross-entropy for valid schema outputs paired with a Brier loss to refine probability calibration.
I feel bad for the Jev guys. I wonder if they anticipated this much competition?
“Urgency” of “yes”?
I bet this's 100% slop.
Horrible name
Wow, Cloudflare is definitely buying some goodwill from me. Just consistently interesting new releases alongside and solid products at great prices. Seems nearly too good to be true.